A Le(x) trisaccharide functionalized with a cysteamine arm was ready and this synthesis supplied extra info on the reactivity of N-acetylglucosamine O-Four acceptors when they’re glycosylated with trichloroacetimidate donors activated with extra BF(3)·OEt(2). In flip, this trisaccharide was conjugated to BSA lysine aspect chains by way of a squarate-mediated coupling. This BSA-Le(x) glycoconjugate displayed 35 Le(x) haptens per BSA molecule.
The relative affinity of the anti-Le(x) monoclonal antibody SH1 for the Le(x) antigen and analogues of Le(x) by which the D-glucosamine, L-fucose or D-galactose residues had been changed with D-glucose, L-rhamnose and D-glucose, respectively, was measured by aggressive ELISA experiments. Whereas all analogues had been weaker inhibitors than the Le(x) antigen, solely the analogue of Le(x) by which the galactose residue was changed by a glucose unit confirmed no binding to the SH1 mAb.
To substantiate that the decreased or lack of recognition of the Le(x) analogues by the anti-Le(x) mAb SH1 didn’t outcome from completely different conformations adopted by the analogues when in comparison with the native Le(x) antigen, we assessed the conformational habits of all trisaccharides by a mixture of stochastic searches and NMR experiments.
Our outcomes confirmed that, certainly, the analogues adopted the identical stacked conformation as that recognized for the Le(x) antigen. The identification of a trisaccharide analogue that doesn’t cross-react with Le(x) however nonetheless retains the identical conformation as Le(x) constitutes step one to the design of a secure anti-cancer vaccine based mostly on the dimeric Le(x) tumor related carbohydrate antigen.
Anti–BSA antibodies are a significant explanation for non-specific binding in insulin autoantibody radiobinding assays.
Insulin autoantibodies (IAA) are often the primary risk-markers detected throughout the sort 1 diabetes prodrome, however exact measurement is troublesome as insulin binding is usually low. Non-specific binding (NSB) of (125)I-labelled insulin necessitates aggressive displacement with unlabelled insulin to show specificity. NSB varies with completely different batches of label, suggesting that it’s attributable to impurities within the label.
Addition of bovine serum albumin (BSA) can cut back NSB, so we investigated whether or not BSA antibodies trigger lack of specificity in IAA assays. Samples from sufferers with newly-diagnosed sort 1 diabetes, wholesome schoolchildren beforehand discovered to have raised (125)I-insulin binding (≥ 0.Four items) and IAA-negative schoolchildren had been re-assayed for IAA by radiobinding microassay utilizing industrial (125)I-insulin with and with out 1g/dl BSA added to the buffer.
Of 100 sufferers, 68 had been IAA-positive on re-assay with BSA in comparison with 72 with out BSA (p=0.125). Of 154 schoolchildren who beforehand had raised (125)I-insulin binding, solely 45 had (125)I-insulin binding ≥ 0.Four items on re-assay with BSA in comparison with 90 with out BSA (p<0.001).
Following aggressive displacement with unlabelled insulin, 40 had been IAA-positive with BSA in comparison with 48 with out BSA (p=0.02). No IAA-negative schoolchildren had been IAA-positive on re-assay. Ranges of NSB had been related to antibodies binding (125)I-BSA and purification of labelled insulin decreased NSB.
Addition of BSA to assay buffer improves the screening effectivity of the IAA assay with out decreasing illness sensitivity in sufferers. Excessive titre BSA antibodies intervene with IAA measurement due to (125)I-BSA current in some insulin labels. Improved purification of insulin labels ought to obviate the necessity for aggressive displacement.
The affect of antibody purposeful affinity on the effector features concerned within the clearance of circulating immune complexes anti–BSA IgG/BSA.
A scientific examine was carried out to analyze the position of antibody purposeful affinity within the capability of immune complexes (IC) to activate the complement system and to set off subsequently the molecular occasions concerned within the dealing with of IC by offering a clearance mechanism.
For this objective, two populations of polyclonal anti-BSA IgG antibodies of various affinities had been ready, with values of 1.89×10(8) M(-1) and 4.94×10(8) M(-1). First we studied the capability of IC shaped at equivalence with each antibodies to activate the classical and the choice pathways of human complement and the flexibility of the complexes to bind to erythrocyte C3b-C4b receptors.
The information confirmed that the very best affinity antibodies had been extra environment friendly in activating complement by each pathways. Nevertheless, their binding to erythrocyte CR1 was considerably decrease in comparison with the binding of the bottom affinity IgG. Second we in contrast these IC by way of their potential to stimulate the respiratory burst of neutrophils (PMN) and to induce the discharge of PMN lysosomal enzymes.
Basically, each of those PMN features had been higher stimulated by the IC ready with the IgG antibodies having a highest affinity, though the consequences had been variable for various IC concentrations. The suggestion to be drawn from the information is that the antibody affinity has an affect on the formation of the immune advanced lattice, modulating its three-dimensional construction and the association of the antibody Fc fragments, interfering with complement activation and entry to the neutrophil IgG receptors.
The importance of those observations for the understanding of how affinity influences the exact organic mechanism that participates within the destiny of IC is mentioned.
Anti–BSA antibodies don’t cross-react with the 69-kDa islet cell autoantigen ICA69.
In distinction to a number of beforehand printed stories, we show by a wide range of antibody assays that bovine serum albumin (BSA) isn’t antigenically cross-reactive with the 69-kDa islet cell autoantigen (ICA69). Quick protein liquid chromatography purified BSA and extremely purified recombinant human ICA69 had been used to determine delicate Western blot and ELISA assays as a way to detect antibodies towards these two proteins.
The assays excluded BSA or powdered milk as blocking brokers, since these would intervene with antibody binding. A panel of sera from diabetic people, first diploma relations, and regular controls confirmed that almost all of people from every group had antibodies towards ICA69 as assayed by Western blots, whereas significantly fewer had anti-BSA antibodies on Western blots, and people with antibodies to each proteins occurred solely not often.
To discover this difficulty additional we immunized a complete of 16 particular person rats, representing 4 completely different strains (bio-breeding diabetes resistant and diabetes susceptible, Wistar-Furth, and Sprague-Dawley), with both BSA (n = 2 of every pressure) or with recombinant ICA69, and for every animal pre- and postimmune antibody titres towards BSA and towards ICA69 had been assayed individually by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay.
In rats immunized with BSA, anti-BSA titres elevated about 100,000-fold over preimmune ranges, whereas anti-ICA69 reactive antibodies had been unchanged over preimmune ranges. Equally, in rats immunized with ICA69, anti-ICA69 titres rose about 100,000-fold over preimmune ranges, whereas anti-BSA antibodies had been unchanged over preimmune ranges. Thus we discover no proof for the existence of antibody cross-reactivity between ICA69 and BSA, both in people or in immunized rats.
Dog Anti acrosin antibodies ELISA kit |
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| E08A0718-192T | BlueGene | 192 tests | EUR 1524 |
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Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Canine Anti acrosin antibodies in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
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Dog Anti acrosin antibodies ELISA kit |
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| E08A0718-48 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 48 wells | EUR 624 |
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Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Canine Anti acrosin antibodies in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
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Dog Anti acrosin antibodies ELISA kit |
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| E08A0718-96 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 96 wells | EUR 822 |
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Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Canine Anti acrosin antibodies in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
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Pig Anti acrosin antibodies ELISA kit |
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| E07A0718-192T | BlueGene | 192 tests | EUR 1524 |
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Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Porcine Anti acrosin antibodies in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
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Pig Anti acrosin antibodies ELISA kit |
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| E07A0718-48 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 48 wells | EUR 624 |
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Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Porcine Anti acrosin antibodies in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
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Pig Anti acrosin antibodies ELISA kit |
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| E07A0718-96 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 96 wells | EUR 822 |
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Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Porcine Anti acrosin antibodies in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
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Rat Anti acrosin antibodies ELISA kit |
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| E02A0718-192T | BlueGene | 192 tests | EUR 1524 |
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Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Anti acrosin antibodies in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
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Rat Anti acrosin antibodies ELISA kit |
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| E02A0718-48 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 48 wells | EUR 624 |
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Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Anti acrosin antibodies in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
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Rat Anti acrosin antibodies ELISA kit |
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| E02A0718-96 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 96 wells | EUR 822 |
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Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Anti acrosin antibodies in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
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Goat Anti acrosin antibodies ELISA kit |
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| E06A0718-192T | BlueGene | 192 tests | EUR 1524 |
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Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Goat Anti acrosin antibodies in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
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Goat Anti acrosin antibodies ELISA kit |
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| E06A0718-48 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 48 wells | EUR 624 |
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Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Goat Anti acrosin antibodies in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
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Goat Anti acrosin antibodies ELISA kit |
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| E06A0718-96 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 96 wells | EUR 822 |
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Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Goat Anti acrosin antibodies in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
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Human Anti acrosin antibodies ELISA kit |
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| E01A0718-192T | BlueGene | 192 tests | EUR 1524 |
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Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Human Anti acrosin antibodies in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
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Human Anti acrosin antibodies ELISA kit |
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| E01A0718-48 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 48 wells | EUR 624 |
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Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Human Anti acrosin antibodies in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
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Human Anti acrosin antibodies ELISA kit |
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| E01A0718-96 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 96 wells | EUR 822 |
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Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Human Anti acrosin antibodies in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
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Mouse Anti acrosin antibodies ELISA kit |
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| E03A0718-192T | BlueGene | 192 tests | EUR 1524 |
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Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Mouse Anti acrosin antibodies in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
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Mouse Anti acrosin antibodies ELISA kit |
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| E03A0718-48 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 48 wells | EUR 624 |
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Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Mouse Anti acrosin antibodies in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
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Mouse Anti acrosin antibodies ELISA kit |
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| E03A0718-96 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 96 wells | EUR 822 |
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Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Mouse Anti acrosin antibodies in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
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Rabbit Anti acrosin antibodies ELISA kit |
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| E04A0718-192T | BlueGene | 192 tests | EUR 1524 |
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Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rabbit Anti acrosin antibodies in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
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Rabbit Anti acrosin antibodies ELISA kit |
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| E04A0718-48 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 48 wells | EUR 624 |
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Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rabbit Anti acrosin antibodies in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
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Rabbit Anti acrosin antibodies ELISA kit |
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| E04A0718-96 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 96 wells | EUR 822 |
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Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rabbit Anti acrosin antibodies in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
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Monkey Anti acrosin antibodies ELISA kit |
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| E09A0718-192T | BlueGene | 192 tests | EUR 1524 |
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Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Monkey Anti acrosin antibodies in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
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Monkey Anti acrosin antibodies ELISA kit |
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| E09A0718-48 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 48 wells | EUR 624 |
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Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Monkey Anti acrosin antibodies in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
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Monkey Anti acrosin antibodies ELISA kit |
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| E09A0718-96 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 96 wells | EUR 822 |
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Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Monkey Anti acrosin antibodies in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
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Dog Anti Apolipoprotein Antibodies ELISA kit |
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| E08A0447-192T | BlueGene | 192 tests | EUR 1524 |
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Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Canine Anti Apolipoprotein Antibodies in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
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Dog Anti Apolipoprotein Antibodies ELISA kit |
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| E08A0447-48 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 48 wells | EUR 624 |
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Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Canine Anti Apolipoprotein Antibodies in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
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Dog Anti Apolipoprotein Antibodies ELISA kit |
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| E08A0447-96 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 96 wells | EUR 822 |
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Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Canine Anti Apolipoprotein Antibodies in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
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Pig Anti Apolipoprotein Antibodies ELISA kit |
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| E07A0447-192T | BlueGene | 192 tests | EUR 1524 |
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Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Porcine Anti Apolipoprotein Antibodies in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
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Pig Anti Apolipoprotein Antibodies ELISA kit |
|||
| E07A0447-48 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 48 wells | EUR 624 |
|
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Porcine Anti Apolipoprotein Antibodies in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
|||
Pig Anti Apolipoprotein Antibodies ELISA kit |
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| E07A0447-96 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 96 wells | EUR 822 |
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Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Porcine Anti Apolipoprotein Antibodies in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
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Rat Anti Apolipoprotein Antibodies ELISA kit |
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| E02A0447-192T | BlueGene | 192 tests | EUR 1524 |
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Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Anti Apolipoprotein Antibodies in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
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Rat Anti Apolipoprotein Antibodies ELISA kit |
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| E02A0447-48 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 48 wells | EUR 624 |
|
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Anti Apolipoprotein Antibodies in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
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Rat Anti Apolipoprotein Antibodies ELISA kit |
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| E02A0447-96 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 96 wells | EUR 822 |
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Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Anti Apolipoprotein Antibodies in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
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Mouse anti- prothrombins antibodies ELISA Kit |
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| ELA-E0319m | Lifescience Market | 96 Tests | EUR 1038 |
Goat Anti Apolipoprotein Antibodies ELISA kit |
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| E06A0447-192T | BlueGene | 192 tests | EUR 1524 |
|
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Goat Anti Apolipoprotein Antibodies in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
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Goat Anti Apolipoprotein Antibodies ELISA kit |
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| E06A0447-48 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 48 wells | EUR 624 |
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Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Goat Anti Apolipoprotein Antibodies in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
|||
Goat Anti Apolipoprotein Antibodies ELISA kit |
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| E06A0447-96 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 96 wells | EUR 822 |
|
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Goat Anti Apolipoprotein Antibodies in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
|||
Human Anti Apolipoprotein Antibodies ELISA kit |
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| E01A0447-192T | BlueGene | 192 tests | EUR 1524 |
|
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Human Anti Apolipoprotein Antibodies in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
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Human Anti Apolipoprotein Antibodies ELISA kit |
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| E01A0447-48 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 48 wells | EUR 624 |
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Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Human Anti Apolipoprotein Antibodies in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
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Human Anti Apolipoprotein Antibodies ELISA kit |
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| E01A0447-96 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 96 wells | EUR 822 |
|
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Human Anti Apolipoprotein Antibodies in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
|||
Mouse Anti Apolipoprotein Antibodies ELISA kit |
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| E03A0447-192T | BlueGene | 192 tests | EUR 1524 |
|
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Mouse Anti Apolipoprotein Antibodies in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
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When our rat anti-BSA antisera had been used to probe Western blots made out of rat islets remoted within the strict absence of fetal calf serum, we had been unable to detect a 69-kDa band, even when the islets had been preincubated with gamma-interferon, a therapy which has been reported to induce the BSA cross-reactive islet antigen. We conclude that BSA isn’t antigenically cross-reactive with ICA69 on the antibody stage, and it’s extremely unlikely that BSA is antigenically cross-reactive with another 69 kD islet cell antigen.
